abstract
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This study investigates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends of waste cooking oil and karanja oil doped with CeO
2 nanoparticles and HHO gas. The brake thermal efficiency of WKB20 was found to be lower than conventional diesel because of its higher viscosity and lower calorific value. Addition of HHO gas and CeO2 nanoparticles to biodiesel further improves the BTE significantly. The BTE of WKB20+100CeO2 +HHO increased to 33.09 % as compared to 31.11 % for WKB20 alone. The brake specific fuel consumption decreases with increase in engine load, the biodiesel blend of WKB20+100CeO2 +HHO showed 6.6 % reduction in BSFC compared to WKB20. Exhaust gas temperatures for WKB20 combined with CeO2 nanoparticles was observed to be higher due to better combustion and heat transfer. The innovative integration of CeO2 nanoparticles with HHO gas improves fuel oxidation and air-fuel mixing, resulting in a more complete combustion process and increased energy conversion efficiency. This dual enhancement contributes to significant reduction in carbon emissions and improves overall engine performance. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions decreases with the incorporation of HHO gas and CeO2 nanoparticles in WKB20 biodiesel blend, showing up to 30 % reduction in HC and 35 % reduction in CO compared to diesel. However, NO emissions increased by 14.1 % for WKB20+100CeO2 +HHO, due to the elevated combustion temperatures. Smoke opacity, an indicator of particulate matter emissions, was reduced by 12 % in WKB20+50CeO2 +HHO compared to diesel. The results show that synergetic effects of WKB20 blended with CeO2 nanoparticles and HHO gas present a promising pathway to optimize biodiesel blends and makes it more viable and efficient option for conventional diesel. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC