Overcoming challenges in the path to a hydrogen economy for energy supply chain transition

As global energy systems transition toward sustainability, green hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal component in achieving clean energy goals. Effective planning of the green hydrogen supply chain is essential to ensure its successful adoption. This study conducts a systematic literature review to identify and analyze key challenges associated with the green hydrogen supply chain in the context of Mexico. With input from an expert panel, six challenges and 31 sub-challenges were identified. Using the fuzzy best-worst method, the critical challenges were prioritized, with social and policy issues, such as uncertainties regarding public acceptance emerging as the most significant, followed by infrastructure limitations, environmental impacts, and economic constraints. Based on these findings, the study proposes a set of targeted policy and managerial recommendations, including the development of regulatory frameworks, investment in storage and transportation infrastructure, the standardization of safety protocols, and public awareness initiatives. These recommendations are intended to guide stakeholders in addressing the most pressing barriers to green hydrogen adoption. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts among government, industry, and academia to accelerate Mexico's transition to a hydrogen-based energy economy and promote long-term sustainability. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd