Sustainability and circular-economy goals motivate the design of supply chains that reduce water and energy pressures while limiting environmental impacts. This work generates alternatives for the optimal use of water, energy, and food resources within composite supply chains involving biofuels and food production. The case study considers major food industries and cultivation sites, as well as the implementation of biorefineries in the northern, central, and southern regions of Mexico. A multi-criteria decision analysis is introduced to evaluate trade-offs among economic, social, environmental, and water¿energy¿food objectives across scenarios, considering resource availability and sustainability. The results identify optimal biowaste and biomass allocations for sustainable bioproduct and food production, offering resource-saving alternatives that maintain final demand. The optimized configurations achieve up to an 98% reduction in water consumption (from 2.89 × 109 m3 to 5.32 × 107 m3) and up to an 56% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (from 1.07 × 106 to 4.70 × 105 t CO2) when comparing the dominated (least sustainable) scenario defined as the one with the highest resource use and emissions and the lowest economic and social outcomes, against the water¿energy efficiency and environmentally oriented solutions, respectively. Economic profit varies substantially across scenarios, ranging from 0 to 6.35 × 109 USD, reflecting the influence of objective priorities on network design and technology selection. Overall, the framework provides actionable planning insights to balance economic performance, social outcomes, and environmental and resource-efficiency goals in integrated biofuel¿food supply chains.
