abstract
- Rapid urban growth in Southeast Asia has increased the need for reliable walkability assessment, yet existing methods often rely on proprietary tools and do not scale well across large, fragmented cities. Results are also sensitive to how spatial boundaries are defined (the so-called modifiable areal unit problem problem). This paper introduces an open-source Python repository for large-scale walkability analysis using hexagonal grids and network isochrones. The approach is tested in Jakarta, Manila, Ho Chi Minh City, and Phnom Penh using thirteen indicators at multiple spatial resolutions. Results show that network indicators remain stable across scales, while amenity access and topography vary strongly. The repository provides a reproducible and transparent framework for scale-aware walkability analysis in rapidly changing urban contexts.