abstract
- © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.In this paper, a real-time implementation of a sliding-mode control (SMC) in a hardware-in-loop architecture is presented for a robot with two degrees of freedom (2DOF). It is based on a discrete-time recurrent neural identification method, as well as the high performance obtained from the advantages of this architecture. The identification process uses a discrete-time recurrent high-order neural network (RHONN) trained with a modified extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. This is a method for calculating the covariance matrices in the EKF algorithm, using a dynamic model with the associated and measurement noises, and it increases the performance of the proposed methodology. On the other hand, the decentralized discrete-time SMC technique is used to minimize the motion error. A Virtex 7 field programmable gate array (FPGA) is configured based on a hardware-in-loop real-time implementation to validate the proposed controller. A series of several experiments demonstrates the robustness of the algorithm, as well as its immunity to noise and the inherent robustness to external perturbation, as are typically found in the input reference signals of a 2DOF manipulator robot.