abstract
- This study evaluates the encapsulation efficiency and intraocular diffusion of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes for ophthalmic topical delivery. Liposomes were prepared using self-forming method and subjected to physicochemical and microscopic characterizations, achieving over 98% encapsulation. The results indicate that the formulation is suitable for ocular application. In vitro intraocular diffusion assays using rabbit corneal tissue demonstrated significantly enhanced permeation of liposomal astaxanthin compared to free astaxanthin. These findings suggest that the liposomal system can effectively deliver astaxanthin across the corneal barrier, making it a promising candidate for treating retinal conditions related to oxidative stress. © 2025