The adverse effects associated with the use of conventional agrochemicals have opened the door to the incorporation of nanomaterials in agriculture. Nanoagrochemicals (NACs), are viewed as highly suitable for food production with the potential to create more sustainable agricultural practices. However, the environmental and biological fate, chemical interactions, and potential reactive transport of NACs must be considered before their commercialization. Aside from reaching the target plants, the fate of NACs can include soil, water bodies, and the atmosphere. In target plants, NACs can accumulate in different tissues, such as roots and shoots, and also translocate to other plant tissues, including leaves and fruits. Furthermore, within the tissues or after interacting with the environment, NACs may suffer physical and chemical transformations including agglomeration, deposition, photochemical reactions, dissolution, and redox; making the identification of specific effects on certain tissues a complicated task. Although there are several approaches to measure the fate and transformations of NACs, such as reactive transport modeling in environmental matrices, multiomics in plant tissues can help to understand the effects of NACs on crops at different levels, for example, from proteins to genes. Prediction of the chemical interactions and mass transport of NACs in different matrices can also contribute to unraveling the intrinsic effects of NACs. This knowledge is vital for further implementation and regulation of NACs in agriculture.
