The ability to manipulate matter at the atomic scale and, therefore, access to unique physical properties such as quantum effects, is one of the most impacting promises that make nanotechnology a topic of great interest to many researchers around the world. During the past decade, several investigations on nanomaterials have opened the door to the preparation of novel materials and devices with the potential to generate important technological advances, which would affect greatly diverse industrial sectors like textiles, ceramics, electronics, chemistry, foods, among several others. Although, most of the nanomaterials and nanodevices have only been produced at a laboratory level, the fabrication in a large scale of nanomaterials is currently one major technological challenge to be solved. It would require the interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers in several fields and the industry. Large-scale preparation of nanomaterials could led the development of processes that comply with security standards and environmental quality, in order to integrate nanomaterials into commercial products for daily use. In this chapter, we will describe a variety of methodologies and implemented technologies to synthesize nanomaterials, grouping them within the ¿top-down¿, ¿bottom-up,¿ and ¿hybrids¿ categories. We will discuss the great challenges on the fabrication of nanomaterials in a large scale, which need be considered in order to develop one of the most important industrial branches of the future. Furthermore, in its current state, the scaling and future perspectives of the most promising techniques from each of the methods will be analyzed within this chapter.
