Biological Activities of Lutein Chapter in Scopus uri icon

abstract

  • Lutein is a plant pigment that belongs to the xanthophyll family of carotenoids. Its structure gives lutein its color, antioxidant activity, and selective distribution in human tissues, such as the macular retina, the adrenal gland, and the liver. Since plants are the exclusive source of lutein synthesis, its intake relies on the diet. It is found in fruits and vegetables such as kale, spinach, and broccoli, as well as orange fruits, carrots, and egg yolk, among many others. Lutein has been studied for its biological activities in various in vitro and in vivo models, showing potential benefits for eye health, skin health, cardiovascular health, immune function, and cancer prevention. Lutein can modulate the expression of genes, enzymes, and mediators involved in inflammation, apoptosis, senescence, and oxidative stress. Additionally, it can also enhance visual function, prevent age-related macular degeneration, improve skin hydration and elasticity, reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Despite its multiple benefits, the consumption of lutein does not reach the levels necessary to carry out these activities in human beings, which is why it is necessary to incorporate this active compound in highly consumed commercial foods. However, the incorporation of this compound in commercial food and beverage formulations represents a great challenge for the industry due to lutein¿s low solubility in water and susceptibility to environmental factors such as pH, heat, and light. In this sense, nanotechnology offers excellent opportunities to improve the physicochemical stability of lutein and allow its incorporation into commercial products. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

publication date

  • January 1, 2025