abstract
- In this investigation, a base oil and a commercial ATF were evaluated in a comparative manner under a wide range of non-electrified and electrified test conditions in a Mini-traction machine. The tests were conducted over a wide range of slide-to-roll ratios to investigate potential variations in traction coefficient and wear characteristics for the tested lubricants. Each set of tests involved 12 consecutive runs (6 speed tests and 6 traction tests) using the same test pair and oil sample. The wear tracks generated during each set of tests were analyzed by optical profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicated that electrification caused significant alterations in the traction curves as well as in the wear and chemical nature of the interfacial tribofilms formed using both oils. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd