abstract
- The creation of chloride-resistant electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis presents significant challenges due to the competing chlorine evolution reaction (CER), which results in considerable anodic corrosion. In this study, a CoCO3/MnCO3/TiOx composite is developed on nickel foam (C2M1Tx/NF) using a solvothermal approach. Structural analyses confirm the presence of both CoCO3 and MnCO3 phases, which together form a microspherical structure that offers numerous accessible active sites and promotes favourable adsorption¿desorption kinetics. The addition of TiOx improves hydroxide adsorption and enhances structural stability. Electrochemical studies on alkaline seawater electrolysis (ASE) indicate that C2M1T0.1/NF serves as an effective anode by facilitating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) significantly below the onset potential for CER. The catalyst reaches a current density of 50 mA·cm¿2 at an overpotential of 415 mV. Additionally, during overall water splitting at 1.92 V, the system exhibits stable performance for 100 h while sustaining a current density of 20 mA·cm¿2. The improved performance is attributed to the synergistic Co¿Mn redox coupling, structural and electronic modulation induced by Ti, and reduced chloro-oxidation due to CO32¿ species at the electrode¿electrolyte interface, which enables selective and long-lasting ASE.