abstract
- © IMechE 2022.After the formation of black ice on asphalt roads at temperatures close to 0 °C and below, the probability of car accidents is higher enough to be considered as a danger. So, it is important to understand the friction mechanisms between the ice and rubber-like material for improving tyres technology and safety procedures of driving on icy roads. This work aims to study the increase of friction coefficient on ice layers made onto the top of an asphalt section by adding sand with two different grain sizes as a friction coefficient improver using a pendulum skid tester in the laboratory. The test results show the lowest friction coefficients in the presence of ice. However, by adding sand on the asphalt ice layer, the friction coefficients are recovered showing some differences by testing the two different grain sizes.