abstract
- Energy management systems (EMS) have been widely studied in applications where more than one power supply or energy storage system (ESS) is involved. This combination of supplies is referred to as hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). In the application of full-electric vehicle (EV), the HESS comprises lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SC). The batteries possess a relatively higher energy density, but a lower power density compared to a SC. The primary aim of the EMS within the HESS for EVs is to enhance the battery's performance and prolong its operational lifespan. For this, the EMS must control the power demand considering two goals: (1) the adequate power split between battery and SC, and (2) the minimization of the power peak flowing through the battery by taking advantage of the high dynamic response of the SC. In this paper, an EMS to achieve an adequate power split of power demand is proposed for a battery-SC HESS, where both the battery and SC are linked to a shared DC-link via dedicated DC-DC bidirectional converters. The EMS employs a rule-based technique. Furthermore, a controller designed to regulate the currents of both DC-DC converters and the voltage in the DC-link is introduced. Ultimately, simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the comprehensive control scheme proposed. © 2023 IEEE.