Advancing the frontiers of EV tribology with 2D materials ¿ A critical perspective

Because of their higher energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, electrical vehicles (EVs) have recently positioned themselves as one of the most sustainable alternatives to traditional combustion engine vehicles. However, there remain numerous challenges (i.e., lubrication, thermal management, electrical compatibility, and corrosion, among others) that can hamper their performance, efficiency, and reliability, and hence the sustainability of EVs in the long run. Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer impressive multi-functional characteristics, including unusual thermal, electrical, and tribological properties which can beneficially impact the smooth, safe, efficient, and long-lasting operation of EVs. Therefore, in this perspective, we summarize the most recent developments related to 2D materials which can synergistically address tribological, electrical, and thermal management issues and thus enable superior performance, efficiency, and reliability in future EVs. We hope that the highlighted remarkable properties of 2D materials can generate more research efforts in this direction and eventually lead to the development of an EV-based green and sustainable transportation future for generations to come. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.