Bridging the Gender Gap in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: A Global Comparative Study of Policy, Technology, and Gender Inclusivity

This study compares gender disparities in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs in Germany, Malaysia, and Mexico, focusing on the influence of gender-sensitive policies, technological infrastructure, and emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) on female participation, retention, and completion rates. Using data from UNESCO's 2024 Gender Report and a survey of 90 female TVET students, the research employs quantitative analysis to explore the relationship between policy frameworks, technology access, and educational outcomes. Findings show that Germany and Malaysia have higher female completion rates (100%) due to robust policies and technological integration, while Mexico faces lower rates (60%) influenced by socio-cultural norms and limited digital infrastructure. The study also highlights the potential benefits and risks of AI and VR, including engagement improvements and concerns about algorithmic gender biases. The study emphasizes the need for expanding digital infrastructure, implementing gender-sensitive policies, and developing unbiased AI tools to promote equity in TVET. Future research should examine the long-term effects of technology integration and strategies to mitigate AI biases. © 2024 IEEE.

Bridging the Gender Gap in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: A Global Comparative Study of Policy, Technology, and Gender Inclusivity Academic Article in Scopus