abstract
- This study successfully synthesizes one-dimensional sulfur-doped ZnO nanostructures via vapor-phase growth. Sulfur incorporation was confirmed through shifts in X-ray diffraction patterns and photoluminescence spectra. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed increased oxygen vacancies¿a critical factor for enhancing sensor reactivity. The sulfur-doped ZnO nanostructures significantly improved gas sensing performance, achieving a response of approximately 85 % due to the increase in surface oxygen vacancies and active adsorption sites. Although sulfur doping slightly reduced inter-grain conductivity, the sensors exhibited remarkable selectivity for acetone over other gases. These findings underscore the potential of sulfur-doped ZnO nanostructures for acetone detection, addressing a critical gap in current sensor research and paving the way for developing high-performance gas sensors for practical applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.