Modern Water Treatment and Technological Solutions Book in Scopus uri icon

abstract

  • This chapter highlights the significance of water treatment in safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability. It explores the evolution of water treatment systems over time, from basic filtering techniques to advanced technology. The chapter emphasizes the crucial importance of water treatment in guaranteeing access to clean water and the difficulties encountered in the management and preservation of this essential resource. This chapter examines the progression of water treatment over the ages, starting with the simple filtering techniques used by ancient civilizations and culminating with the implementation of chlorine disinfection during the Industrial Revolution. In the 20th century, there were important developments in water treatment, such as coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation. These breakthroughs paved the way for the use of membrane filtration technologies and improved oxidation processes in present times. The chapter emphasises the need for a balanced approach incorporating sustainability and technical innovation in historical and modern water treatment. It examines membrane filtration technologies including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and ultrafiltration and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) like UV-based, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation to treat various water contaminants. Forward osmosis, electrodialysis, and pressure-retarded osmosis are considered essential solutions for worldwide water scarcity. Smart sensor technology, Internet of Things (IoT) integration, and real-time monitoring revolutionise water treatment processes for efficiency and sustainability, according to the study. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

publication date

  • January 1, 2025