abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights reserved. In this review, we go through the negative campaign literature to highlight the importance of economic inclusion in the topic. Psychology and political science have been studying the phenomena for the last 20 years; however, economic models have not achieved the goal of interpreting and forecasting the strategical behavior of candidates. Voting models can be classified in two: spatial and probabilistic models. Most of the work done consider the possibility of doing either positive or negative campaign, but not both. We look forward to awake curiosity and better understanding of the subject, starting with a discussion of the definition of a "negative campaign."