Cancer has traditionally been the center of human interest all around the world, making it a medical research hotspot. Animal models are categorized based on the method used to induce cancer in the animal. The mouse has been the standard animal model for fundamental and preclinical cancer research, although other species, such as zebrafish, serve essential and complementary roles as cancer research models. A number of treatments, including chemical or physical mutagenesis, viral infection, transgene insertion, homologous recombination, and the recently established gene edition, have resulted in genetically altered mouse and zebrafish cancer models. As research advances, the methods for creating cancer animal models become increasingly diversified, including chemical induction, xenotransplantation, gene programming, and so forth. The introduction of genetically engineered animal models has greatly aided in the understanding of the illness. Animal models can be utilized not only to study the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of cancer incidence and progression in objects but also for cancer medication screening and gene therapy research. Animal models are useful for researching the biology and genetics of human malignancies, as well as for preclinical research into anti-cancer medicines and cancer prevention. Major strides have been achieved in the development of animal models of cancer, which have become increasingly complex via the use of new technologies and the incorporation of clinical data from patients.
