abstract
- © 2020, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Decision-making problems in economics, engineering, risk assessment, forecasting, manufacturing, design and process analysis are naturally determined by vagueness as well as partial reliability. Generating a formalism for dealing with Z-numbers is essential to handle these kinds of information. In this paper, the applications of Z-numbers in engineering are studied. The most current researches in the area of Z-numbers are covered in this work. Since some engineers have successfully applied Z-numbers, detailed discussions are supplied to stimulate future investigations.