abstract
- The evolution of cities to smart cities has demonstrated that the citizens¿ quality of life is increased. Moreover, city planning follows an organized structure covering the citizens¿ needs. This structure leads to generating smart communities. As a result, megacities based on smart communities can be developed. Communication systems that send and receive data from citizens¿ needs and behavior in online and offline modes are critical elements to get a reliable demand response system for the citizens¿ needs. Hence, this chapter describes data-driven to accomplish smart cities as the baseline to transform conventional cities into smart cities. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.