Intelligent Cyber-Physical Collaborative Robots Enhanced by AI and VR Technologies for Advanced Smart Learning Factories
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This study investigates the integration of virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance student training in the use of collaborative robots (cobots). A framework is presented for an immersive VR training system that replicates real-world industrial environments, allowing students to interact with cobots in a controlled and risk-free setting. AI is utilized to model robotic systems, simulate dynamic operational scenarios, and predict potential failures, offering students valuable insights into system performance and maintenance requirements. Several AI-based evaluation methods are proposed, including performance analytics, behavior recognition, and peer assessments, to objectively measure skill acquisition and knowledge retention. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of VR training systems in providing hands-on experience and preparing students for real-world industrial applications, particularly within learning factories that prioritize practical, collaborative problem-solving. This research highlights the transformative potential of integrating VR and AI to revolutionize industrial training programs, ultimately enhancing workforce readiness in the automation and robotics sectors. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
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